Grounded theory in articles - Medicine (2003)
McAllister, M. (2003). "Personal theories of inheritance, coping strategies, risk perception and engagement in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer families offered genetic testing". Clinical Genetics, 64 (3), 179–189.
Coding and generating themes
The two resources may help you to understand how to generate themes in a grounded theory research study.
Ryan, G.W. & Bernard, H.R. [n.d.]. "Techniques to Identify Themes in Qualitative Data", Retrieved on 23 December 2011 from the Analytic Technologies website.
Fereday, J. & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). "Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development". International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 1-11.
Ryan, G.W. & Bernard, H.R. [n.d.]. "Techniques to Identify Themes in Qualitative Data", Retrieved on 23 December 2011 from the Analytic Technologies website.
Fereday, J. & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). "Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development". International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 1-11.
Analysing qualitative data - Rigour and Reflexivity
It's interesting to see this blog entry "people don't always say what they mean, or mean what they say" on QualitativeMind.
It actually reminds us to be Rigour and Reflexivity in qualitative data analysis.
Read:
Barbour, R.S. (2001), "Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?". BMJ. 233 (7294), 1115-1117.
BERA [n.d.]. "Critical approaches in qualitative educational research: Perspective, reflexivity and bias". Retrieved on from British Educational Research Association.
Goulding, C. & Saren, M. (2010) "Immersion, emergence and reflexivity: grounded theory and aesthetic consumption", International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4 (1), 70 - 82.
Leonard, D. & McAdam, R. (2001). "Grounded theory methodology and practitioner reflexivity in TQM research". International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 18 (2), 180-194.
Sheridan, V. & Storch, K. (2009). "Linking the Intercultural and Grounded Theory: Methodological Issues in Migration Research". Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 10 (1), Art 36.
It actually reminds us to be Rigour and Reflexivity in qualitative data analysis.
Read:
Barbour, R.S. (2001), "Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?". BMJ. 233 (7294), 1115-1117.
BERA [n.d.]. "Critical approaches in qualitative educational research: Perspective, reflexivity and bias". Retrieved on from British Educational Research Association.
Goulding, C. & Saren, M. (2010) "Immersion, emergence and reflexivity: grounded theory and aesthetic consumption", International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4 (1), 70 - 82.
Leonard, D. & McAdam, R. (2001). "Grounded theory methodology and practitioner reflexivity in TQM research". International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 18 (2), 180-194.
Sheridan, V. & Storch, K. (2009). "Linking the Intercultural and Grounded Theory: Methodological Issues in Migration Research". Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 10 (1), Art 36.
Grounded theory in articles - LIS (2011)
Faggiolani, C. (2011). "Perceived Identity: applying Grounded Theory in Libraries". Italian Journal of Library and Information Science, 2 (1), pp.4592E-1 - 4592E-33.
Grounded theory ebook
Gilgun, J. (2011). The Intellectual Roots of Grounded Theory (Current Issues in Qualitative Research, 1 (9)). Kindle Edition.
ASIN: B004D4ZOVOAlso the ebook is on Smashwords.
Grounded theory in conference papers - LIS (2011)
Alemu, G., et al. (2011). "Semantic Metadata Interoperability in Digital Libraries: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach". In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Ottawa, Canada.13 June 2011. pp.7-16.
Leonard, A.C. (2011). "A Grounded Theory Research Investigation into the Importance of Social Relationships and Networks within Corporate Information Systems Projects" In: SAICSIT '11 Proceedings of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Leadership in a Diverse, Multidisciplinary Environment. Cape Town, South Africa, 3–5 October, 2011.
Leonard, A.C. (2011). "A Grounded Theory Research Investigation into the Importance of Social Relationships and Networks within Corporate Information Systems Projects" In: SAICSIT '11 Proceedings of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Leadership in a Diverse, Multidisciplinary Environment. Cape Town, South Africa, 3–5 October, 2011.
A conference paper "Grounded Theory for Geeks"
Rashina Hoda has uploaded a conference paper "Grounded Theory for Geeks" on her blog. It's a kind of reflection paper based on the author's experience, which is very useful for people who are new to Grounded Theory. The problems in the GT Patterns is a good start for researchers to bear in mind if they decide to conduct a grounded theory research study.
Grounded theory in articles - Accounting and Finance (2011)
Sutton, S.G., et al. (2011), "On the Use of Grounded Theory as a Basis for Research on Strategic and Emerging Technologies in Accounting". Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting.
videos about Grounded Theory
These are not good quality videos, picture weaving, no reference resource. I assume they are from a lecture or a workshop. However, the content is quite useful.
Grounded Theory Presentations
You may find wide collections of Grounded Theory Presentations by the authors on Slideshare. By checking the Related resources, you may expand more and more.
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Education (2011)
Szumski, M.K. (2011), Digital Identity Dissonance: A Grounded Theory Study of Identity Guarding. Ed.D., University of California, Los Angeles.
Types of Qualitative research
Nigel Bradley talked about the types of qualitative research: grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and symiotics. On the Qualitative Research website, you will find useful research methodology videos and materials.
Grounded theory in conference papers - Computer Science (2011)
Abadi, M.K. & Alsop, G. (2011). "Studying the learning of programming using grounded theory to support activity theory". In: Proceedings of ALT-C 2011 Thriving in a colder and more challenging climate. 5-8 September 2011, University of Leeds, UK.
Dorairaj, S., et al. (2011). "Bridging cultural differences: a grounded theory perspective". In: Proceeding of the 4th India Software Engineering Conference. ISEC ’11, February 23-27, 2011 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Foster, D., et al. (2011). "Using grounded theory to inform the design of energy interventions for the workplace". In: Digital Engagement 2011, November 15th-17th, Newcastle, UK.
Müller, B. & Olbrich, S. (2011). "The Artifact’s Theory – A Grounded Theory Perspective on Design Science Research". In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, 16-18 February 2011, Zurich, Switzerland. Paper 55.
Dorairaj, S., et al. (2011). "Bridging cultural differences: a grounded theory perspective". In: Proceeding of the 4th India Software Engineering Conference. ISEC ’11, February 23-27, 2011 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Foster, D., et al. (2011). "Using grounded theory to inform the design of energy interventions for the workplace". In: Digital Engagement 2011, November 15th-17th, Newcastle, UK.
Müller, B. & Olbrich, S. (2011). "The Artifact’s Theory – A Grounded Theory Perspective on Design Science Research". In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, 16-18 February 2011, Zurich, Switzerland. Paper 55.
An oncoming Grounded Theory book
Oktay, J.S. Grounded Theory. Oxford University Press.
Dec 2011, Not Yet Published
ISBN13: 978-0-19-975369-7
ISBN10: 0-19-975369-5 It's one of the Pocket Guides to Social Work Research Methods.
Grounded theory in books - Business studies (2003)
Berson, Y., et al. (2003). "Level specification: using trianulation in a grounded theory approach to construct validation". In: Dansereau, F. & Yammarino, F.J. (eds). Multi-level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Strategy. pp: 82-112. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
Parry, K.W. (2003). "How? And Why? Theory emergence and using the grounded theory method to determine levels of analysis". In: Dansereau, F. & Yammarino, F.J. (eds). Multi-level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Strategy. pp: 127-141. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
Berson, Y., et al. (2003). "Going deeper into building a grounded theory approach: from verification to discovery". In: Dansereau, F. & Yammarino, F.J. (eds). Multi-level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Strategy. pp: 143-151. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.
Grounded theory in articles - Accounting and Finance (2010)
von Alberti-Alhtaybat, L. & Al-Htaybat, K. (2010). "Qualitative accounting research: an account of Glaser's grounded theory". Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 7 (2), 208 - 226.
Grounded theory in articles - Sociology - Religious studies (2011)
Müller, B.A. & Wepener, C.J. (2011). "Applying grounded theory to data collected through participatory research on African Independent Churches’ liturgical rituals: A comparative study", HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. 67 (2), Art. #1034, 8 pages.
Reflection on the terms of "triangulation" and "grounded-theory"
Rebecca Hogue wrote on her blog about her understanding of constructivism, particularly, she explained two important terms in research methodology: "triangulation" and "grounded-theory".
I didn't quite get it when she said "I think the image in my brain this week should be of my brain exploding into three pieces – the world-view piece, the learning theory piece, and the research piece." For me, with different views of the world (philosophic background), we defined methodologies broadly as quantitative or qualitative.
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Sociology (2010)
Shean, M.B. (2010). Resilience in Western Australian adolescents : a model of the processes that occur between risk and success. PhD, Edith Cowan University.
A very useful reference to the qualitative research methodology
Bloor, M. & Wood, F. (2006). Keywords in Qualitative Methods: A Vocabulary of Research Concepts. London: Sage.
Reflection on grounded theory use
Christoph Treude reflected his expereince of undertaking a grounded theory research study: "On using grounded theory in software engineering research". This is a very good post.
If Christoph is writing a journal article based on this post, writing more about two aspects will benefit readers:
- He noted "One of the challenges is to abstract the core category to the right level." By my experience, core category will emerge and main categories get saturated at different levels in the coding process. As different research has its own design, showing code and category examples will help readers to understand what means "abstract the core category to the right level". How can we abstract a category to the righ level and how do we know it's the right level?
- He also mentioned "After trying several tools (after all, as a Computer Science student I’d like to believe that computers can solve complex editing and annotation tasks), I gave up, printed all the data in font size 8, and went back to using pen and paper." It sounds interesting. I know some researchers didn't use qualitative data analysis software. I'm wondering what are the pros and cons between manual date analysis and software assisted data analysis. Is it only relevant to an individual's preference?
(The grounded theory ideas/discussions on Lennie Irvin’s blog are also useful for researchers. )
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Sociology (2007)
Clarke, D.J. (2007). Achieving teamwork: a grounded theory investigation in selected stroke units in the north of England. PhD, University of Leeds.
Grounded Theory in Qualitative Research book
Flick, U., von Kardorff, E., Steinke, I. (eds). (2000). A Comppanion to Qualitative Research, Rowohlt Ttaschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek bei Hamburg. Translated by Bryan Jenner, 2004, London: SAGE.
In this book, chapters related to Grounded Theory are:
Chapter 2.1 Anselm Strauss (by Bruno Hildenbrand)
Chapter 5.13 Theoretical Coding: Text Analysis in Grounded Theory (by Andreas Böhm)
Chapter 6.6 The Art of Procedure, Methodological Innovation and Theory-formation in Qualitative Research (by Alexandre Mètraux)
Grounded theory online seminars
Grounded Theory Onlin runs serminars "Planning a Grounded Theory study"; it helps researchers to avoid early and common errors.
Focus on discuss:
- What is Grounded Theory?
- Is this the right method for your study?
- Is the substantive area ok?
- Is the way that you will collect/are collecting your data consistent with Grounded Theory? Can it be improved?
Date:
Saturday 8 October 0500 GMT, Sydney 1600 EDT, Auckland 1800 NZDT
Saturday 8 October 1400 GMT New York 1000EDT, San Francisco 0700PDT
Friday 4 November 2000 GMT,
Saturday 5 November Sydney 0700 EDT, Auckland 0900 NZST
Saturday 5 November 1400 GMT New York 1000EDT, San Francisco 0700PDT
Saturday 3 December 0600 GMT, Sydney 1700 EST, Auckland 1900 NZDT
Saturday 3 December 1500 GMT New York 1000EST, San Francisco 0800PST
Theory in qualitative educational research
When I started to learn "grounded theory" methodology. I asked myself "What is a theory?" as "theory" for me was a big thing and I felt it's extremely tough to create a theory... I digged the answer... It's always good to make it clear what your understanding about a term or a concept.
Theory in qualitative educational research provided by the British Educational Research Association (bera) raises some issues relating to theory as a term, a concept and an agent in educational research.
Theory in qualitative educational research provided by the British Educational Research Association (bera) raises some issues relating to theory as a term, a concept and an agent in educational research.
Grounded theory in conference papers - Computer Science (2010)
Wolfswinkel, J., et al. (2010). "Reflecting on E-Recruiting Research Using Grounded Theory". Presented at: 18th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2010), University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa. 6-9 June 2010.
Grounded theory in articles - Hospitality recreation, sport and tourism (1996)
Riley, Roger W. (1996). "Revealing Socially Constructed Knowledge Through Quasi-Structured Interviews and Grounded Theory Analysis". Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 5(1-2). 21-40.
Grounded theory in articles - Health care and Nursing (2011)
Gelling, L. (2011). "The complexities of using grounded theory". Nurse Researcher. 18 (4), 4-5.
Hunter, A., et al. (2011a). "Navigating the grounded theory terrain (part 1)", Nurse Researcher. 18 (4), 6-10.
Hunter, A., et al. (2011b). "Navigating the grounded theory terrain (part 2): justification for and application of classic grounded theory". Nurse Researcher. 19 (1), 6-11.
Sbaraini, A., et.al (2011). "How to do a grounded theory study: a worked example of a study of dental practices". BMC Medical Research Methodology. 11(128).
grounded theory free files on FindEbookee
I came across the FindEbookee search tool. Running a quick search of "grounded theory" and got quite a few free downloadable files about grounded theory.
Grounded theory in articles - Computer Science (2011)
Matavire1, R. & Brown1, I. (2011). "Profiling grounded theory approaches in information systems research". European Journal of Information Systems advance.
Grounded theory - about Glaser's view
Martin, V.B. & Gynnild, A. (eds), (2011). Grounded Theory: The Philosophy, Method, and Work of Barney Glaser. BrownWalker Press: BrownWalker Press.
Question about thematic analysis and grounded theory
If you have a similar question, have a look the ideas about grounded theory and thematic determination on the Methodspace.
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Computer Science (2010)
Radoll, P.J. (2010). Stone Chips to Silicon Chips: A Grounded Theory of Information and Communication Technology adoption in Australian Indigenous households— rural, urban and remote. PhD. The Australian National University.
the 8th International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry
The Eighth International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry 2012 will offer scholars the opportunity to debate these issues, to foreground qualitative inquiry as a shared, global endeavor.
The morning workshop: Thinking with Theory in Qualitative Research will present a new analytics that refuses mechanistic coding and reducing data to themes in traditional qualitative data analysis.
Date: May 16-19, 2012
Avenue: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Grounded theory in articles - Business Studies (2011)
O'Reilly, K. & Paper, D. (2011) "Can CRM survive integrating franchisees with a corporate giant?", Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 13 (1), 47-73.
(Stated by the author, a qualitative approach employing an adaptation of the grounded theory method for data collection, coding, and analysis was used.)
An example of grounded theory research paper
This post "Grounded Theory for Finding the Indicators & Requirements in Main Components of Enterprise Architecture Methodology Development" is from Edi Triono Nuryatno's blog.
He shared the article:
Sembiring, J., Nuryatno, E.T., & Gondokaryono, Y.S. (2011). "Analyzing the Indicators and Requirements in Main Components Of Enterprise Architecture Methodology Development Using Grounded Theory in Qualitative Methods". Journal Econometrics: Econometric & Statistical Methods – Special Topics e-Journal, 4 (48).
Grounded theory in conference papers - Sociology (2009)
Musselwhite, C.B.A. & Haddad, H. (2009). "Using Grounded Theory to Elicit the Driving Needs of Older People". In: Proceedings of the International conference on Inclusive Design, Royal College of Art, London, UK. 5-8 April 2009.
An example of reading note
"How to go about 'Constructing Grounded Theory'” is a post on Katie Kuksenok's blog. She shared her reflection about the book <<Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis>>.
Situational analysis and grounded theory
This website is about "Situational Analysis", where the author, Prof. Adele E. Clarke, has answered some critical questions about grounded theory.
Seminar: A grounded theory research about organisational learning
Melbourne Accounting Research Seminars: "An exploratory study of organizational learning from a performance measurement system: A grounded theory approach"
Venue: Room: 124; Floor: 1; Microbiology – Thomas Cherry Theatre, Melbourne.
Date: 11:00am-12:30pm, 21 Oct, 2011
Speaker: Dr. Joanne Lye
Grounded theory in articles - Ecology (2006)
Stillman, S. (2006). "Grounded Theory and Grounded Action: Rooted in Systems Theory", World Futures. 62 (7). 498-504.
Toscano, P.M. (2006). "The Study of Global Solutions: A Postmodern Systems Thinking View of Grounded Theory/Grounded Action". World Futures. 62 (7). 505-515.
Grounded Theory introduction
Grounded Theory introduction and discussions by Dr. Hideyuki Matsumoto.
A summary of grounded theory
This is a summary of a grounded theory course by Jing Ke & Sarah Wenglensky.
Statistics in grounded theory research
People asked questions like "how many interviews should I have?", "how do I know it's saturated?" There are some tips I got that may help you to check your research. They are not rigid rules, but for your references only.
- The literature review demonstrated that saturation normally occurs between 10 and 30interviews. Although saturation might occur after the tenth interview, it is good practiceto test the level of saturation by conducting a few more interviews. ... Thus, it would be wise to anticipate 30 interviews in order to facilitate pattern, category, and dimension growth and saturation. It is only through the quality of the data that meaningful and valid results are developed, so it is essential that the researcher ensure that saturation has occurred (Thomson, 2011, p.50).
- Saturation is achieved when one has conducted between 25 and 30 interviews (Suddaby, 2006).
- 10-15 minutes to 40 minutes interview will reach theoretical saturation (Wuest, 2007).
- Do not put red and green slices next to each other, because 5% of population cannot distinguish red from green. (Fink, 2003, p.9).
- A 40 minutes interview may take you 2 days to transcribe. One hour interview will be transcribed into about 15 pages text.
- Coyne, I.T. (1997). "Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries?". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 26 (3), 623-630.
- Fink, A. (2003). The survey kit, vol. 10: How to report on surveys, 2nd ed. London: Sage.
- Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In: Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research, 2nd ed., pp.220-35. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Mason, J. M. (2010). "Sample Size and Saturation in PhD Studies Using Qualitative Interviews". Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11 (3), Art. 8.
- Suddaby, R. (2006). "From the editors: What Grounded Theory is Not". Academy of Management Journal, 49 (4), 633–642.
- Thomson, S. B. (2011). "Sample Size and Grounded Theory". JOAAG, 5 (1). 45-52.
- Wuest, J. (2007). "Grounded Theory: the method". In: Munhall, P.L. (ed.), Nursing research: a qualitative perspective, pp. 239-272. Sudbury, Mass. ; London: Jones and Bartlett.
- A discussion about "Grounded theory sample size" on the Methodspace - home of the Research Methods community.
Grounded theory in conference papers - Hospitality Recreation, Sport & Tourism (2009)
Alexander, Z. (2009). "Understanding Voluntourism: A Glaserian Grounded Theory Study". Presented at symposium: ‘The Voluntourism Effect: Case Studies and Investigations”. San Diego, CA, March 18-20, 2009.
Grounded Theory in German Teaching Resources
Phil. Anja Hartung (2009). Research seminar: media and Age - Grounded Theory. Otto von Guericke - Universität Magdeburg.
Wolfgang Ruge (2009). Grounded Theory. In the research seminar "Age and the Media" by Dr. Phil. Anja Hartung summer semester 2009. Otto von Guericke - Universität Magdeburg.
Wolfgang Ruge (2009). Grounded Theory. In the research seminar "Age and the Media" by Dr. Phil. Anja Hartung summer semester 2009. Otto von Guericke - Universität Magdeburg.
An introduction to grounded theory
An introduction to grounded theory online resource from Helium:
1. by Rachele Alessi
2. by D. Victor
3. by D. Vogt
4. by Peter Hann
A German book about grounded theory
Jörg Strübing (2008). Grounded Theory: Zur sozialtheoretischen und epistemologischen Fundierung des Verfahrens der empirisch begründeten Theoriebildung. 2nd. ed., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
Grounded theory in working papers - Business Studies (2011)
Raduescu, C. (2011). "Analysis of Current Grounded Theory Practices". The Business Information Systems Working Paper Series. Number: BIS WP2011-01. The University of Sydney.
Grounded theory design - Self-Assessment
This website provides additional information for users of Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Second Edition, by John W. Creswell. The Chapter 14 is about Grounded Theory Design. It may be limited to access, but the Self-Assessment section is accessible and may be useful for researchers.
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Health care and Nursing (2002)
Karim, K. (2002). A Grounded Theory Study of Truth-Telling in Cancer Perceptions of White British and British South Asian Community Workers. MSc, Staffordshire University.
Grounded theory in books - Business Studies (2001)
Lee, J. (2001). A grounded theory: integration and internalization in ERP adoption and use. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
Grounded theory in conference papers - Computer Science (2011)
Halaweh, M. (2011). "Application of Grounded Theory Method in Information Systems Research: Methodological and Practical Issues". Presented at: European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems 2011 (EMCIS2011), May 30-31 2011, Athens, Greece.
Ortiz, J.A. (2011). "A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Mu-Fi Interventions on the Digital Divide". In: Proceedings of the 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems, August 13-16, 2011, Lima, Peru. 16 (5). pp.3727-3736.
book reviews
Chenitz, W.C. & Swanson, J. M. (eds) (1986). From Practice to Grounded Theory: Qualitative Research in Nursing. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
Aamodt, A.M. (1987). "Book reviews: W. C. Chenitz and J. M. Swanson, (1986). From practice to grounded theory: Qualitative research in nursing. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 259 pp., $25.95 (softback)". Research in Nursing & Health. 10 (1), 73–74.
Aamodt, A.M. (1987). "Book reviews: W. C. Chenitz and J. M. Swanson, (1986). From practice to grounded theory: Qualitative research in nursing. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 259 pp., $25.95 (softback)". Research in Nursing & Health. 10 (1), 73–74.
Boyd, C.O. (1989). "Book reviews: CHENITZ, W.C., AND SWANSON, J. M. (1986). From Practice to Grounded Theory: Qualitative Research in Nursing Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley". Nursing Science Quarterly. 2 (1), 53-54.
Grounded Theory presentations
Hora Tjitra (2011). Grounded Theory: An Introduction to Inductive Qualitative Analysis Method. Zhejiang University.Edit Posts
Grounded Theory: A Quick Guide to Qualitative Inquiry Using a Grounded Theory Lens. (Not sure the author and published year, source from silideshare)
Michael Muller [n.d.]. Grounded Theory Method. IBM Research.
Grounded theory in dissertations & theses - Computer Science (2011)
Hoda, R. (2011). Self-Organizing Agile Teams: A Grounded Theory. PhD, Victoria University of Wellington.
A "good" code
A code may be changed later over the process of your research. However, it doesn't mean you can name it without pondering it. With same data, different people may identify different labels, but some are "good" and some are "bad". Please bear in mind what you need to consider when you are coding.
Glaser (1998) and Locke (2001: 69) suggested to ask these questions when you do coding:
Bryne, M. (2001). "Data analysis strategies for qualitative research-Research Corner", AORN Journal. Dec, 2001.
Locke, K.D. (2001). Grounded theory in management research. London: Sage.
Glaser (1998) and Locke (2001: 69) suggested to ask these questions when you do coding:
- What is happening?
- What is basic problem faced by the actors here?
- What category or what aspect of a category does this incident suggest?
- What does this incident suggest this is a theory of?
- a label
- a definition of what the theme concerns
- a description of how to know when the theme occurs
- a description of nay qualifications or exclusions to the identification of the theme
- examples, both positive and negative
Bryne, M. (2001). "Data analysis strategies for qualitative research-Research Corner", AORN Journal. Dec, 2001.
Locke, K.D. (2001). Grounded theory in management research. London: Sage.
Doing Qualitative Research Using Your Computer: A Practical Guide - Chapter 9
This is the companion website to <<Doing Qualitative Research Using Your Computer: A Practical Guide>> by Chris Hahn (Sage Publications).
The book uses straight-forward, everyday language to walk readers through the research process, drawing on a wide range of examples to demonstrate how easy it is to utilize software that you might already own. The author used a diagram to describe the qualitative research coding process. However, Chapter 9 - Level 3 and Level 4 (Theoretical Concept) Coding, which a grounded theory researcher more concerned, is unavailable on the website.
Grounded theory ideas in Richards' book
It is worthwhile of reading the book below. Richards (2005: 143) stated some key points of how you should conclude your research validity.
The log you built up since the beginning of the project recording at each step why it was taken, what ere the alternatives and why rejects, and what then you saw as the likely results for the final project.
Archived models from the early stages show what you think is going on.
Archived copies of catalogues of ideas created at different stages.Meanwhile, the author (2005: 134-135) mentioned the "discovery" feeling, which is the "Aha" moment.
Don't wait for the 'aha', as it probably will not happen, and don't feel cheated if it doesn't."Richards, L. (2005). "Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide". London: Sage.
Grounded theory in working papers - LIS (2009)
Mavetera, N. & Kroeze, J.H. (2009). "Practical Considerations in Grounded Theory Research". Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 9(32).
Seminar: Qualitative Inquiry Methods
Seminar: Qualitative Inquiry Methods organised by Graduate School "Human Behaviour in Social and Economic Change" (GSBC). On the second day, there will be a session about Grounded Theory Design.
Venue: 207, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Bachstraße 18k (east wing), 07743 Jena, Jena
Date: November 8-11, 2011Speaker: Dr David Hiles
Characteristics of grounded theorist
Strauss and Corbin (1998: 7) offered a list of the "characteristics of a grounded theorist":
- The ability to step back and critically analyze situations
- The ability to recognize the tendency toward bias
- The ability to think abstractly
- Sensitivity to the words and actions of respondents
- A sense of absorption and devotion to the work process.
What is Grounded Theory?
An audio resource "What is Grounded theory?" by Dr. Lynn Calman, Methods@manchester, CCSR, The University of Manchester.
Questions about coding in GT (2)
Q:
In Grounded theory, I am confused of which coding process shall I follow.
A:
I suggest you to have a clear idea of what different researchers advocated. You need to know what to code firstly and then know how to find the relationships between codes and develop your core category and build your theory.
The following comparison may help as a start.
A coding process by Glaser and Strauss is different:
Selective criteria for core category:
Glaser (1978) indicated foundational 6Cs as coding family.
In Grounded theory, I am confused of which coding process shall I follow.
A:
I suggest you to have a clear idea of what different researchers advocated. You need to know what to code firstly and then know how to find the relationships between codes and develop your core category and build your theory.
The following comparison may help as a start.
A coding process by Glaser and Strauss is different:
| Glaser & Strauss (1967) | Glaser (1978) | Strauss & Corbin (1998) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open coding | Open coding | Substantive coding | Open coding |
| Selective coding | |||
| Theoretical coding | Theoretical coding | Axial coding | |
| Selective coding | |||
Selective criteria for core category:
| Glaser (11 Criteria) (1978) | Strauss & Corbin (6 Criteria) (1998) |
|---|---|
|
|
Glaser (1978) indicated foundational 6Cs as coding family.
- Cause
- Consequence
- Condition
- Context
- Covariance
- Contingency
- X is a kind of Y (strict inclusion)
- X is a place in Y (spatial)
- X is a result of Y (cause-effect)
- X is a reason for doing Y (rationale)
- X is a place for doing Y (location for action)
- X is used for Y (function)
- X is a way to do Y (means-end)
- X is a step in Y (sequence)
- X is a characteristic of Y (attribution)
International Research Workshop on Gronded Theory Methodology
The International Workshop on Grounded Theory Research at ICIS2011 seeks to contribute to the development and refinement of the members' knowledge on GTM, and to enhance the quality of GTM application in the IS discipline.
Date: December 7, 2011
Venue: Shanghai
Grounded Theory in Chinese Teaching Resources
林本炫 (1993). 紮根理論研究法. 南華大學, 教育社會學研究所.
龍紀萱 (2007). 質的研究法（Qualitative Research） - 單元三：紮根理論(Ground theory). 中國醫藥大學醫務管理學系.
Charles Chen (2009). Grounded Theory: Basics of Qualitative Research - Anselm Strauss & Juliet Corbin Ch1-7. 國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所.
David Yang (2009). Research Design. TCSL at MCU.
吳芝儀 [n.d.]. 紮根理論研究法. 國立嘉義大學輔導與諮商系.
洪銓修 [n.d.]. 互動論與據證理論在俗民誌研究的運用. 雲林科技大學, 應用外語系.
Question about grounded theory, Ethnography and Phenomenology
Q:
I just started my research. I'm confused the use of grounded theory, Ethnography and Phenomenology...
A:
You may have a clue by reading my thesis, chapter 3.2.
It may help if you read this book and think what your research stands on?
Creswell (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed. London: Sage.
For example, ask yourself what your research process probably is? (read P.6 Alternative knowledge positions)
ask yourself what strategy of inquiry you (read P.13 Alternative Strategies of inquiry).
Other resources:
I just started my research. I'm confused the use of grounded theory, Ethnography and Phenomenology...
A:
You may have a clue by reading my thesis, chapter 3.2.
It may help if you read this book and think what your research stands on?
Creswell (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed. London: Sage.
For example, ask yourself what your research process probably is? (read P.6 Alternative knowledge positions)
ask yourself what strategy of inquiry you (read P.13 Alternative Strategies of inquiry).
Other resources:
- Franchuk, J. E. (2004). Phenomenology vs. grounded theory: The appropriate Approach to use to study, the perspectives of instructional librarians on their roleIn information literacy education for undergraduates.
- Goulding, C. (2005). "Grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology: a comparative analysis of three qualitative strategies for marketing research". European Journal of Marketing, 39 (3/4), 294-308.
- Starks, H. &Trinidad, S.B. (2007). "Choose Your Method: A Comparison of Phenomenology, Discourse Analysis, and Grounded Theory". Qualitative Health Research. 17(10). 1372-1380.
- A teaching martial by Brian J. Brown. "Qualitative methodologies: ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory and more".
case study and GT
I read a course PPT Case Study and Grounded Theory by chance. I guess it was created for a research methods in Engineering course CEE320 by Martin Fischer in 2004.
French versions of Strauss' books
The books by Strauss have been translated into French.
Symbolic Interaction, Vol 21. (1998). Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction, ISSS Press. [Not sure if it's the original book source.]
Isabelle Baszanger, (conformé) (1992). La trame de la négociation: sociologie qualitative et interactionnisme. Paris: L'Harmattan.
ISBN: 9782738414113
Strauss, A.L. (1959). Mirrors & masks: the search for identity. Glencoe, III. Free Press.
Maryse Falandry (Traduit) (1992). Miroirs et masques: une introduction à l'interactionnisme.
Paris: Métailié
ISBN: 9782864241164
Free e-book chapters about Grounded Theory in Computer Science
Hart, D. & Gregor, S. (eds). (2005). Information System Foundations: Constructing and Criticising. Australia: ANU E Press.
This book emphasises the development of "grand" theory in Information Systems discipline. It describes the grounded theory in the Chpater 4. Grounded theory (by M. Gordon Hunter); Chapter 5. Grounded theory and case study, Demands and risks of grounded theory (by Walter D. Fernández).
Grounded theory in books - Education (2010)
Riccio, G. & Darwin, M. (2010). "Grounded Theory for Values-Based Training & Education", In: Riccio, G., et al. (eds.). An Initiative in Outcomes-Based Training and Education: Implications for an Integrated Approach to Values-Based Requirements. Fort Meade, MD: U.S. Army Asymmetric Warfare Group. pp. 86-117.
GT in wikis
- GT in Wikipedia
- GT discussion in The Clinical Informatics Wiki
- GT coding discussion in EduTechWiki
- GT discussion in WolfWikis, a wiki service that is available to current students, faculty, and staff at North Carolina State University
Question about symbolic interactionism and grounded theory
Q:
What is symbolic interactionism in grounded theory?
A:
Grounded Theory is informed by the pragmatism and has the ideas of the symbolic interactionist. I quote Parker & Roffey (1997, pp.216-217) and Denzin (1989, p.5) statements here to let you see the connections between Symbolic interactionism and Grounded theory.
Similarities:
What is symbolic interactionism in grounded theory?
A:
Grounded Theory is informed by the pragmatism and has the ideas of the symbolic interactionist. I quote Parker & Roffey (1997, pp.216-217) and Denzin (1989, p.5) statements here to let you see the connections between Symbolic interactionism and Grounded theory.
Similarities:
- Interacting individuals produce and define their own definitions of a situation;
- People can engage in self-reflexive behaviour (i.e. assessing the contextual meaning of their own actions and reactions), and
- humans interact with each other in negotiating a poisition in relation to each other.
- Interactionists regard (observation of) human interaction as their basic source of date
- Grounded thoery includes data sources such as interviews, written reports and documents that relate to the research phenomenon.
Grounded theory in articles - Education (2010)
Cherubini, L. et al. (2010). "A grounded theory of new Aboriginal teachers’ perceptions: the cultural attributions of Medicine Wheel Teachings". Teachers and Teaching, 16 (5). 545-557.
Harris III, F. & Edwards, K. E. (2010). "College men’s experiences as men: Findings from two grounded theory studies". Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 47(1), 43-62.
Harris III, F. & Edwards, K. E. (2010). "College men’s experiences as men: Findings from two grounded theory studies". Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 47(1), 43-62.
Grounded theory in articles - Education (2009)
Edwards, K. E. & Jones, S. R. (2009). "'Putting my man face on': A grounded theory of college men's gender identity development". Journal of College Student Development, 50, 210-228.
Grounded theory in articles - Methodology (2009)
Tavory, I., & Timmermans, S. (2009). "Two cases of ethnography: Grounded theory and the extended case method". Ethnography, 10 (3), 243-263.
Sixth Annual Grounded Theory Jamboree
Sixth Annual Grounded Theory Jamboree: “Uncorking (classical) Grounded Theory”
Resolving the Confusion and Uncertainty learning and doing classical Grounded Theory
To resolve your confusion around doing classical Grounded Theory. Participants will be able to direct their energy into doing their classical Grounded Theory research, and generate relevant and meaningful Grounded Theories.
Venue: Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Date: August 3rd-5th, 2011
a dissertation using GT approach
Bloemhard, A. C. (2006). The care that shines from within': The role of spirituality in aged and palliative care. MA. South Cross University.
(read Chapter3.5, using GT as an approach)
(read Chapter3.5, using GT as an approach)
Grounded theory in reports - Computer Science (2010)
Muller, M. J. & Kogan, S. (2010). "Grounded Theory Method in HCI and CSCW". IBM Watson Research in Cambridge. Report: 10-09.
open-minded, literature review and GT
Christina Pikas wrote "Random observation: true grounded theory vs. foreshadowed problems" on her blog to talk about the "pre-knowledge" issue.
Actually, I had a similar question before. Should a researcher be Tabula rasa? Applying Grounded Theory approach is not to say we go into the field what we research about without pre-knowledge or views. It's about, as a researcher, we need to recognise this issue and interpret data by exploring its meaning in that researched context. We can wrote down what we had known and what views we have, we also can compare some existent literatures or opinions, but it shouldn't affect the data analysis.
As May (1986: 149) noted:
Actually, I had a similar question before. Should a researcher be Tabula rasa? Applying Grounded Theory approach is not to say we go into the field what we research about without pre-knowledge or views. It's about, as a researcher, we need to recognise this issue and interpret data by exploring its meaning in that researched context. We can wrote down what we had known and what views we have, we also can compare some existent literatures or opinions, but it shouldn't affect the data analysis.
As May (1986: 149) noted:
The literature review in a grounded theory project neither provides key concepts nor suggests hypotheses as it does in hypothetico-deductive research. A lengthy or uncritical literature review in a grounded theory study can, in fact, reflect overdependence on existing knowledge. However, a review of existing literature can show gaps or systematic bias in existing knowledge, thus provide the rationale for launching a grounded theory study.May, K.A. (1986). "Writing and evaluating the grounded theory research report". In: Chenitz, W.C. & Swanson, J.M. (eds.), From practice to grounded theory: Qualitative research in nursing, pp. 146-154. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
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